What happens when individuals perceive gaps between themselves and their comparison targets?
When individuals perceive gaps between themselves and their comparison targets, they typically respond by either changing themselves or altering their perception of the target. If changing oneself feels impossible, they may derogate the competitors or idealize those they are better than, as a defense mechanism to protect self-esteem.
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This is one answer. The complete system — the psychology, the biology, and the method — is in the book.
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