What is the thermal effect of food (TEF) and how does it vary?
The thermal effect of food (TEF) refers to the energy expended during digestion, and it varies significantly by food type. For instance, protein has a TEF of about 25-30%, meaning a considerable portion of its caloric value is burned in the digestion process. In contrast, processed foods generally have a lower TEF compared to whole foods, resulting in different net available energy from the same caloric intake.
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