What are the primary factors that determine waist width?
Waist width is determined by three primary factors: visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous abdominal fat, and oblique muscle hypertrophy. VAT, which is stored inside the abdominal cavity, is the main contributor to waist circumference in non-lean individuals. Subcutaneous fat is visible and can be reduced through caloric deficit, while oblique muscle hypertrophy occurs from heavy training, which can actually increase lateral waist width.
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