How does vaping affect exercise performance?
Studies indicate that vaping is associated with reduced exercise capacity, as evidenced by lower VO₂max and exercise tolerance compared to non-vapers. While the effects are less severe than those from combustible cigarettes, they are still significant enough to impact athletic performance.
✦
This is one answer. The complete system — the psychology, the biology, and the method — is in the book.
Read The Willpower Lie →Found an error? Let me know →